FDA Authorizes an Emergency Use for Bamlanivimab – an Investigational Monoclonal Antibody – for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate COVID-19
On November 9, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the investigational monoclonal antibody therapy bamlanivimab for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients. Emergency use authorization is a mechanism to provide access to an unapproved treatment when the known and potential […]
High Affinity Human Antibody Component Identified as a Potential Targeted SARS-Cov-2 Therapy
In the October 2020 issue of Cell, a University of Pittsburgh group led by Dr. Dimiter S. Dimitrov reports on a novel high affinity human antibody domain with the potential to be used as a SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic and prophylactic and likely to enter clinical trials in humans by the beginning of next year. Dr. Dimitrov’s […]
NIH begins the first large randomized controlled trial of the combination of interferon beta-1a and remdesivir for treating COVID-19
As reported on Thursday, August 6, 2020, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD – one of the world’s foremost medical research agencies – has begun the first large randomized controlled trial of the combination of interferon beta-1a and remdesivir for treating COVID-19. This clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the antiviral […]
The European Commission Approves Remdesivir for the Treatment of Severe Cases of COVID-19
Following the recommendation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the European Commission has authorized on Friday, July 3rd, the use of remdesivir to treat severe cases of COVID-19. Recently, the EMA and its human medicines committee (CHMP) recommended the drug’s use in adults and adolescents of at least 12 yrs of age with severe cases […]
First Evidence that the Antiviral Remdesivir Shows Efficacy in an Animal Model (Rhesus Macaques) of COVID-19
As reported by Brandi Williamson et al. in bioRxiv, remdesivir is the first antiviral treatment with proven efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in an animal model of COVID-19. This study involving four laboratories from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA, indicates […]
Favipiravir (Avigan) Shows Therapeutic Efficacy in Treating Coronavirus in Two Clinical Trials Conducted in China
Two recently conducted clinical trials in China involving 340 patients indicate that the Japanese-developed flu drug, Favipiravir, shows therapeutic efficacy in treating COVID-19 infection. The Japanese Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co. developed Avigan in 2014 and has licensed the patent for Favipiravir to the Chinese company Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical. Favipiravir (6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) is an antiviral drug that […]
Production of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory neuropeptides by specific gut microbiota genera: in silico evidence
Researches from Spain and Portugal showed, for the first time, the production of neuropeptides by gut microbiota with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Increasing body of evidence indicate the involvement of gut microbiota and the nervous system in the gut-brain axis and cross-talk. Various neuropeptides, such as substance P,neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal […]
Raloxifene and Two New Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) Inducing M2-Macrophage Shift and High IL-10 and IL-1Ra Production
A new study published in the journal Inflammation indicates that in myeloid cells raloxifene and two new selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are able to induce a shift to M2-macrophage anti-inflammatory phenotype, characterized by high production of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Estrogens exert pleiotropic immuno-modulatory and immuno-regulatory effects, contributing to the sexual […]
Norepinephrine through β2-adrenoceptor activation down-regulates pro-inflammatory pathogenic Th17 cells in a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis
What’s Hot A recent study in Medical Science Monitor indicates that norepinephrine (noradrenaline), the major sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter, through stimulation of β2-adrenoceptors (AR) is able to suppress the highly pathogenic T helper 17 (Th17) cells and exert anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of arthritis. In 1986 Mosman et al. discovered the Th1 (mostly […]
First Evidence that Catecholamines Inhibit IL-27 Production by Antigen Presenting Cells
A recent J. Immunology study provides perhaps the first evidence that catecholamines such as norepinephrine and epinephrine suppress the production of interleukin-27 (IL-27) via the activation of β2-adrenoceptors, and by mechanisms involving IL-10 and the JNK signaling pathway. Homeostasis within the immune system is largely dependent on cytokines, the ‘hormones’ of the immune system that […]
