Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in Lung Inflammatory Diseases
Overview article Inflammation is the body’s response to insults. During inflammation, various inflammatory cells are activated to release cytokines and mediators and orchestrate progressing inflammation. Clinically, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome involve acute inflammation, whereas asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases represent chronic inflammation. Inflammation is regulated by both the immune and neuroendocrine systems. […]
Aging Alters Sympathetic Noradrenergic Innervation and Immune Reactivity in the Lymphoid Organs: Strategies to Reverse Neuro-Immune Senescence
Overview article Current therapeutic strategies in medicine emphasize the influence of “mind” over “body” in the maintenance of health and development, progression, and recovery from diseases. This is achieved by interactions between the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system in controlling health and disease mediated through various psychological, emotional, and spiritual factors. Several studies […]
Dysfunctional Sympathetic-Immune Interface in Disease States of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Overview article The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is an integrative interface between the central nervous system and viscera that contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis. It is comprised of cholinergic preganglionic sympathetic neurons which innervate postganglionic sympathetic neurons (PGSNs) and adrenal chromaffin cells (ACCs). Catecholamines and sympathetic co-transmitters, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or a related […]
